Cocoa

Banana

Fruit

Nuts & Oils

Inequality Adjusted Human Development Index

Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index

Number of Poor at 3.65/day

Living Income

Global Rights Index

Working Poverty at 2.15/day Total

Labour Rights & Conditions

Gender Inequality Index

Working Poverty at 2.15/day Women

Child Labor

Children in Child Labor

Primary School Completion

Lower Secondary School Completion

Child Rights

Forced Labor

Global Slavery Index

Forced Labour

Equal Treatment and Absence of Discrimination

SDG Indicator on Migration Policies

UN Population of Concern

Discrimination

People's Under Threat Index

Legal Security of Indigenous Lands

Civil Liberties Rating

Fragile States Index

Global Climate Risk Index

Forest Area Change in 2010-2020 as Percentage

Forest Area Change in 2010-2020 by Hectares

Climate Change

Land Degradation as Percentage

Baseline Water Stress

People in Water Scarce Areas

Water & Biodiversity

Ghana is a West African country with a population of 34,1 million. Fairtrade commodities originating there include cocoa, banana, fruit and oils. There are currently 113,048 farmers organised into 19 Fairtrade certified farmer organisations and 4,018 workers on 4 certified plantations and companies in Ghana.

Ghana

This set of indicators reveals important insights about the level of different human rights and environmental risks in the country. It covers all internationally recognised human rights, paying most attention to issues that are salient in agricultural production (further information on <a href="../../../../methodology">methodology</a> page).
The data come from credible sources and are all publicly available:

The <a href="https://hdr.undp.org/inequality-adjusted-human-development-index#/indicies/IHDI" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IHDI</a> measures the health, education and income of a population and how these are distributed across the population. A low score means that the level of health, education and income are low or very unequally distributed.
<ul>
<li>Publisher: United Nations Development Programme (<a href="https://www.undp.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">UNDP</a>)</li>
<li>Publication date:&nbsp;September 2022</li>
<li>Last updated or checked for updates to Fairtrade Risk Map: 15.8.2024</li>
</ul>

Inequality Adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)

The <a href="https://hdr.undp.org/content/2021-global-multidimensional-poverty-index-mpi#/indicies/MPI" target="_blank" rel="noopener">MPI</a> looks at 10 indicators of health, education and standard of living. Produced by the UNDP and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (<a href="https://ophi.org.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">OPHI</a>), the MPI is based on household level surveys. The indicators include for instance child mortality and nutrition, school attendance, and access to electricity, drinking water, and cooking fuel.
<ul>
<li class="LO-normal">Publisher: United Nations Development Programme (<a href="https://www.undp.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">UNDP</a>)</li>
<li class="LO-normal">Publication date: October 2021</li>
<li>Last updated or checked for updates to Fairtrade Risk Map: 15.8.2024</li>
</ul>

Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI)

The poverty line of $3.65 per day reflects the typical national poverty lines in lower-middle-income countries. <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.LMIC" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The data</a> is considered in purchasing power parity terms, to allow for comparisons between countries. The World Bank <a href="https://pip.worldbank.org/home" target="_blank" rel="noopener">updated</a> the global poverty lines in September 2022.
<ul>
<li>Publisher: <a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/home" target="_blank" rel="noopener">World Bank</a></li>
<li>Publication date: 2023</li>
<li>Last updated or checked for updates to Fairtrade Risk Map: 15.8.2024</li>
</ul>

Number of Poor at 3.65/Day

The yearly <a href="https://files.mutualcdn.com/ituc/files/2022-ITUC-Rights-Index-Exec-Summ-EN_2022-08-10-062736.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">index</a> assesses the respect for internationally recognised labour rights that include rights to unionise, bargain collectively and strike. The index combines legal research with data collected through questionnaires and follow-up interviews with national unions in 161 countries. Countries are rated on a scale of 1 (best) through 5+ (worst).&nbsp;
<ul>
<li>Publisher: International Trade Union Centre (<a href="https://www.ituc-csi.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ITUC</a>)</li>
<li>Publication date: June 2022</li>
<li>Last updated or checked for updates to Fairtrade Risk Map: 15.8.2024</li>
</ul>

The working poverty rate conveys the percentage of employed persons who live in extreme poverty. <a href="https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/working-poverty/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The data</a> is considered in purchasing power parity terms, to allow for comparisons between countries. The ILO is yet to publish new data based on the new international poverty line of $2.15/day.
<ul>
<li>Publisher: International Labour Organisation (<a href="https://www.ilo.org/global/lang--en/index.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ILO</a>)</li>
<li>Publication date:&nbsp;October 1, 2022</li>
<li>Last updated to Fairtrade Risk Map: 3.10.2022</li>
</ul>

Working Poverty at 1.90/Day

The <a href="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/thematic-composite-indices/gender-inequality-index#/indicies/GII" target="_blank" rel="noopener">GII</a> looks at gender-based differences in reproductive health, education and parliamentary representation, and the labour market. A high score indicates high gender-inequality.
<ul>
<li>Publisher: United Nations Development Programme (<a href="https://www.undp.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">UNDP</a>)</li>
<li>Publication date:&nbsp;September 2022</li>
<li>Last updated to Fairtrade Risk Map: 3.10.2022</li>
</ul>

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

The working poverty rate conveys the percentage of female workers who live in extreme poverty. <a href="https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/working-poverty/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The data</a> is considered in purchasing power parity terms, to allow for comparisons between countries. The ILO is yet to publish new data based on the new international poverty line of $2.15/day.
<ul>
<li>Publisher: International Labour Organisation (<a href="https://www.ilo.org/global/lang--en/index.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ILO</a>)</li>
<li>Publication date:&nbsp;October 1, 2022</li>
<li>Last updated to Fairtrade Risk Map: 3.10.2022</li>
</ul>

Working Poverty at 1.90/Day for Women

Working children includes children employed legally as well as those experiencing child labour: The latter harms the schooling or physical, mental or social health of the child. <a href="https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/reports/child-labor/list-of-goods" target="_blank" rel="noopener">This data</a> follows an <a href="https://unstats.un.org/wiki/display/EC/Resolution+adopted+by+the+International+Conference+of+Labour+Statisticians+concerning+statistics+of+child+labour" target="_blank" rel="noopener">International Resolution</a> Concerning Statistics of Child Labour.
<ul>
<li>Publisher: United States Department of Labour (<a href="https://www.dol.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">USDOL</a>)</li>
<li>Publication date: September 2022</li>
<li>Last updated to Fairtrade Risk Map: 3.10.2022</li>
</ul>

Working Children

Child labour occurs when a child is either too young to work or is involved in hazardous activities that threaten their physical, mental or social well-being. <a href="https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/child-labour/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">This data</a> has been collected through surveys.
<ul>
<li>Publisher: <a href="https://www.unicef.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">UNICEF</a></li>
<li>Publication date: July 2024</li>
<li>Last updated or checked for updates to Fairtrade Risk Map: 15.8.2024</li>
</ul>

Children in Child Labour

<a href="https://data.unicef.org/dv_index/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Completion rates</a> in rural schooling are indicative of the availability of school services, ability of families to pay for school related costs and the level of child labour. We focus on rural areas, important for agricultural production.
<ul>
<li>Publisher: <a href="https://www.unicef.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">UNICEF</a></li>
<li>Publication date: May 2022</li>
<li>Last updated or checked for updates to Fairtrade Risk Map: 15.8.2024</li>
</ul>

Rural Primary and Lower Secondary School Completion

Forced labour is any work or service performed involuntarily and under the threat of penalty. The Bureau of International Labour Affairs (<a href="https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ILAB</a>) maintains <a href="https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/reports/child-labor/list-of-goods" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the list</a> of products that it believes are produced by forced or indentured child labour in their source countries. Read more about their methodology in the latest <a href="https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/reports/child-labor/list-of-goods" target="_blank" rel="noopener">full report</a>.&nbsp;
<ul>
<li>Publisher: United States Department of Labour (<a href="https://www.dol.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">USDOL</a>)</li>
<li>Publication date: July 2022</li>
<li>Last updated or checked for updates to Fairtrade Risk Map: 15.8.2024</li>
</ul>

The Global Slavery <a href="https://www.globalslaveryindex.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Index</a> estimates the number of people in forced marriage and forced labour, including commercial sexual exploitation. Based on country-level survey data, it includes data on the prevalence, vulnerability, and government response. The index is published by Walk Free, an international human rights group.
<ul>
<li>Publisher: <a href="https://www.walkfree.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Walk Free</a></li>
<li>Publication date: 2018</li>
<li>Last updated or checked for updates to Fairtrade Risk Map: 15.8.2024</li>
</ul>

The Rule of Law <a href="https://worldjusticeproject.org/rule-of-law-index/factors/2021/Fundamental%20Rights/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Index</a> measures whether individuals are free from discrimination with respect to public services, employment, court proceedings, and the justice system. It is based on worldwide surveys of households and legal experts. The index is published by the World Justice Project, a Washington DC-based non-profit organisation.&nbsp;
<ul>
<li>Publisher: <a href="https://worldjusticeproject.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">World Justice Project</a></li>
<li>Publication date:&nbsp;October 2023</li>
<li>Last updated or checked for updates to Fairtrade Risk Map: 15.8.2024</li>
</ul>

This <a href="https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/data/sdg-indicator-1072-migration-policies" target="_blank" rel="noopener">indicator</a> scores countries based on how well they are planning and implementing migration policies, including policies related to labour markets, anti-discrimination, political participation and residence. Developed by the UN DESA and the International Organization for Migration (<a href="https://www.iom.int/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IOM</a>), it is included in SDG indicators for Reducing Inequality (10.7.2).
<ul>
<li>Publisher: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (<a href="https://www.un.org/en/desa" target="_blank" rel="noopener">UN DESA</a>)</li>
<li>Publication date:&nbsp;December 2021</li>
<li>Last updated to Fairtrade Risk Map:&nbsp;23.9.2022</li>
</ul>

Migration Policies

<a href="https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/download/?url=2z1B08" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Total amount</a> of people in each country that fall under the Population of Concern, that is, vulnerable groups of people including refugees, asylum seekers, internally displaced individuals, stateless people, and displaced Venezuelans.
<ul>
<li>Publisher: United Nations Refugee Agency (<a href="https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/download/?url=2z1B08" target="_blank" rel="noopener">UNHCR</a>)</li>
<li>Publication date: Data covers 2021</li>
<li>Last updated or checked for updates to Fairtrade Risk Map: 23.09.2022</li>
</ul>

The Peoples Under Threat <a href="https://peoplesunderthreat.org/data/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Index</a> ranks countries based on the level of risks faced by vulnerable communities, including indigenous people, minority groups or political opponents. It looks at various risks from self-determination conflicts to lack of voice and violence. It&rsquo;s published by Minority Rights Group International, a London-based non-governmental organisation.
<ul>
<li>Publisher: Minority Rights Group International (<a href="https://minorityrights.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">MRG</a>)</li>
<li>Publication date:&nbsp;December 2021</li>
<li>Last updated or checked for updates to Fairtrade Risk Map: 23.8.2022</li>
</ul>

Peoples Under Threat Index

This <a href="https://www.landmarkmap.org/map/#x=-102.46&amp;y=13.47&amp;l=3&amp;a=community_FormalDoc%2Ccommunity_NoDoc%2Ccommunity_FormalClaim%2Ccommunity_Occupied%2Cindigenous_FormalDoc%2Cindigenous_NoDoc%2Cindigenous_FormalClaim%2Cindigenous_Occupied" target="_blank" rel="noopener">indicator</a> scores countries based on ten indicators on the security of land tenure for Indigenous Peoples. The indicators relate to legal recognition and protection of Indigenous peoples lands, right to consent before land acquisition, among others. LandMark is a global data platform established by the <a href="https://www.wri.org/initiatives/landmark" target="_blank" rel="noopener">World Resources Institute</a>.
<ul>
<li>Publisher: <a href="https://www.landmarkmap.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">LandMark</a></li>
<li>Publication date: Continuously updated</li>
<li>Last updated or checked for updates to Fairtrade Risk Map: 15.8.2024</li>
</ul>

The Civil Liberties <a href="https://freedomhouse.org/countries/freedom-world/scores" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Rating</a> is a ranking of 210 countries based on people&rsquo;s access to civil liberties including expression and belief, associational rights, rule of law, and individual rights. It is published in annual Freedom in the World report by a Washington DC-based non-profit Freedom House.
<ul>
<li>Publisher: <a href="https://freedomhouse.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Freedom House</a></li>
<li>Publication date: February 2022</li>
<li>Last updated or checked for updates to Fairtrade Risk Map: 15.8.2024</li>
</ul>

The Fragile States <a href="https://fragilestatesindex.org/country-data/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Index</a> ranks countries based on twelve political, economic, social and cohesion indicators that are used to measure the condition of a state at any given moment. It is published by the Fund for Peace, a Washington DC-based non-governmental organisation.&nbsp;
<ul>
<li>Publisher: <a href="https://fundforpeace.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Fund for Peace</a></li>
<li>Publication date: June 2023</li>
<li>Last updated or checked for updates to Fairtrade Risk Map: 15.8.2024</li>
</ul>

The Global Climate Risk <a href="https://www.germanwatch.org/en/cri" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Index</a> analyses the impact of weather-related events on countries and regions, as measured by fatalities and economic losses. It is published by Germanwatch, a Bonn-based non-governmental organisation.
<ul>
<li>Publisher: <a href="https://www.germanwatch.org/en" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Germanwatch</a></li>
<li>Publication date: January 2021</li>
<li>Last updated or checked for updates to Fairtrade Risk Map: 15.8.2024</li>
</ul>

The <a href="https://www.fao.org/forest-resources-assessment/en/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">indicator</a> looks at forest area change by country and the positive or negative net annual change over a 10-year period, based on country surveys. It takes note of both deforestation and forest expansion.
<ul>
<li>Publisher: Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (<a href="https://www.fao.org/home/en" target="_blank" rel="noopener">FAO</a>)</li>
<li>Publication date: 2020</li>
<li>Last updated or checked for updates to Fairtrade Risk Map: 15.8.2024</li>
</ul>

Forest Area Change by Percentage and Hectares

The <a href="https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-15-03-01.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">indicator</a> looks at cropland, forest, woodlands, pasture and range, measuring the percentage of the area with reduced biological or economic productivity. It is included in SDG indicators for Life on Land (indicator 15.3.1).
<ul>
<li>Publisher: United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (<a href="https://www.unccd.int/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">UNCCD</a>) (<a href="https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/dataportal/database" target="_blank" rel="noopener">data</a>)</li>
<li>Publication date: 2015</li>
<li>Last updated or checked for updates to Fairtrade Risk Map: 15.8.2024</li>
</ul>

Land Degradation

The <a href="https://www.wri.org/data/aqueduct-30-country-rankings" target="_blank" rel="noopener">indicator</a> measures the ratio of total water withdrawals to available renewable water supplies. It considers several aspects, including the availability, quality and accessibility of water resources, relevant for meeting the human and ecological demands for fresh water.
<ul>
<li>Publisher: <a href="https://www.wri.org/aqueduct" target="_blank" rel="noopener">World Resources Institute: Aqueduct Platform</a></li>
<li>Publication date: August 2023</li>
<li>Last updated or checked for updates to Fairtrade Risk Map: 15.8.2024</li>
</ul>

The <a href="https://worldwater.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">percentage</a> of people living in areas with limited water availability, provided by the analytical non-governmental organisation and data refinery enterprise World Data Lab. It looks at the abundance of fresh water.
<ul>
<li>Publisher: <a href="https://worlddata.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">World Data Lab</a></li>
<li>Publication date: 2020</li>
<li>Last updated or checked for updates to Fairtrade Risk Map: 15.8.2024</li>
</ul>
&nbsp;
&nbsp;

Ghana

Operating Environment in the Country

Standard of Living

Workers Rights

Gender Equity

Child Rights

Forced Labour

Discrimination

Self-determination

Civil Liberties

Climate & Forest

Water & Biodiversity